1. Which type of structural form is most efficient for spanning long distances?

A) Cantilever
B) Arch
C) Beam
D) Truss

2. What does the term “load factor” in structural engineering typically represent?

A) The ratio of dead load to live load
B) The safety margin included in design
C) The amount of deflection allowed
D) The proportion of materials used

3. In the context of structural analysis, what does the term “statically determinate” refer to?

A) Structures with fixed supports
B) Structures where forces can be determined using equilibrium equations
C) Structures that can withstand dynamic loads
D) Structures with redundant supports

4. Which type of bridge is characterized by a single curve or arch?

A) Beam bridge
B) Cantilever bridge
C) Arch bridge
D) Suspension bridge

5. What is the primary purpose of a shear wall in a building?

A) To support vertical loads
B) To resist lateral forces
C) To provide thermal insulation
D) To enhance aesthetic appeal

6. Which of the following is an example of a deep foundation?

A) Spread footing
B) Mat foundation
C) Pile foundation
D) Slab foundation

7. What is the main advantage of using prestressed concrete?

A) Lower material costs
B) Enhanced tensile strength
C) Increased flexibility
D) Faster construction

8. What is the term for the maximum load that a structure can safely support?

A) Ultimate load
B) Design load
C) Live load
D) Dead load

9. Which of the following tests is commonly used to determine the compressive strength of concrete?

A) Slump test
B) Impact test
C) Cube test
D) Tensile test

10. What is the main purpose of a footing in construction?

A) To provide insulation
B) To distribute loads to the ground
C) To enhance aesthetic appeal
D) To support lateral stability

11. Which type of structural member is most commonly used to resist axial loads?

A) Beam
B) Column
C) Truss
D) Slab

12. What is the function of a diaphragm in a building?

A) To support the roof
B) To distribute lateral forces
C) To enhance the foundation
D) To provide ventilation

13. In a cantilever beam, where does the maximum bending moment typically occur?

A) At the fixed support
B) At the free end
C) At the midpoint
D) Along the entire length

14. What is the primary purpose of a lintel in construction?

A) To support a roof
B) To distribute loads over openings
C) To enhance aesthetic appeal
D) To provide lateral support

15. What is the term for the gradual deformation of a material under sustained load over time?

A) Fatigue
B) Creep
C) Shrinkage
D) Expansion

16. Which of the following materials has the highest tensile strength?

A) Concrete
B) Wood
C) Steel
D) Brick

17. In the context of reinforced concrete design, what does “cover” refer to?

A) The thickness of concrete above the rebar
B) The total weight of the concrete
C) The type of concrete mix used
D) The finishing material applied

18. Which design method is based on the ultimate strength of materials?

A) Limit state design
B) Working stress design
C) Allowable stress design
D) Simplified design

19. What is a common reason for the use of composite materials in construction?

A) Lower initial costs
B) Increased durability and strength
C) Simplicity in manufacturing
D) Easier to recycle

20. Which of the following is a key factor in the sustainability of construction materials?

A) Aesthetic appeal
B) Availability of raw materials
C) Recyclability and environmental impact
D) Ease of transportation